2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題以及答案和講解：

　　　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　1. 目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

　　2. 為了讓孩子獨(dú)立, 父母應(yīng)該……

　　How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?

　　Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

　　A Grassroots Remedy

　　Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.

　　But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (喪失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.

　　The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多動(dòng)癥). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.

　　A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.

　　Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等級(jí)) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.

　　Most bullying (恃強(qiáng)凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.

　　But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.

　　One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.

　　The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.

　　In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.

　　Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.

　　We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.

　　Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.

　　We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.

　　Five ways to find harmony with the natural world

　　Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.

　　Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.

　　Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.

　　Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.

　　Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.

　　注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

　　1. What is the author’s profound belief?

　　[A] People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

　　[B] People should spend most of their lives in the wild.

　　[C] People have quite different perceptions of nature.

　　[D] People must make more efforts to study nature.

　　2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?

　　[A] Personal freedom.

　　[B] Things that are natural.

　　[C] Urban surroundings.

　　[D] Things that are purchased.

　　3. What does a study in Sweden show?

　　[A] The natural environment can help children learn better.

　　[B] More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

　　[C] A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.

　　[D] Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.

　　4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas ________.

　　[A] tend to develop a strong love for science

　　[B] are more likely to fantasise about wildlife

　　[C] tend to be physically tougher in adulthood

　　[D] are less likely to be involved in bullying

　　5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?

　　[A] Find more effective drugs for them.

　　[B] Provide more green spaces for them.

　　[C] Place them under more personal care.

　　[D] Engage them in more meaningful activities.

　　6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?

　　[A] They look on life optimistically. [C] They are able to live longer.

　　[B] They enjoy a life of better quality. [D] They become good-humoured.

　　7. Dr William Bird suggests in his study that ________.

　　[A] humanity and nature are complementary to each other

　　[B] wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people

　　[C] access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

　　[D] it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged

　　8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be________________________.

　　9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without ________________________.

　　10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek _________________ with the natural world. 　　Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　11. [A] The man should visit the museums.

　　[C] The beach resort is a good choice.

　　[B] She can’t stand the hot weather.

　　[D] She enjoys staying in Washington.

　　12. [A] Her new responsibilities in the company.

　　[B] What her job prospects are.

　　[C] What the customers’ feedback is.

　　[D] The director’s opinion of her work.

　　13. [A] Combine her training with dieting.

　　[B] Repeat the training every three days.

　　[C] Avoid excessive physical training.

　　[D] Include weightlifting in the program.

　　14. [A] When she will return home.

　　[B] Whether she can go by herself.

　　[C] Whether she can travel by air.

　　[D] When she will completely recover.

　　15. [A] The woman knows how to deal with the police.

　　[B] The woman had been fined many times before.

　　[C] The woman had violated traffic regulations.

　　[D] The woman is good at finding excuses.

　　16. [A] Switch off the refrigerator for a while.

　　[B] Have someone repair the refrigerator.

　　[C] Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.

　　[D] Buy a refrigerator of better quality.

　　17. [A] He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.

　　[B] He has got enough money to buy a house.

　　[C] He can finally do what he has dreamed of.

　　[D] He is moving into a bigger apartment.

　　18. [A] She is black and blue all over.

　　[B] She has to go to see a doctor.

　　[C] She stayed away from work for a few days.

　　[D] She got hurt in an accident yesterday.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. [A] She was a bank manager.

　　[B] She was a victim of the robbery.

　　[C] She was a defence lawyer.

　　[D] She was a witness to the crime.

　　20. [A] A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.

　　[B] A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face.

　　[C] A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light sweater.

　　[D] A medium-sized young man carrying a gun.

　　21. [A] Identify the suspect from pictures. [C] Have her photo taken for their files.

　　[B] Go upstairs to sign some document. [D] Verify the record of what she had said.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　22. [A] By reading a newspaper ad. [C] By listening to the morning news.

　　[B] By seeing a commercial on TV. [D] By calling an employment service.

　　23. [A] She could improve her foreign languages.

　　[B] She could work close to her family.

　　[C] She could travel overseas frequently.

　　[D] She could use her previous experiences.

　　24. [A] Taking management courses. [C] Working as a secretary.

　　[B] Teaching English at a university. [D] Studying for a degree in French.

　　25. [A] Prepare for an interview in a couple of days.

　　[B] Read the advertisement again for more details.

　　[C] Send in a written application as soon as possible.

　　[D] Get to know the candidates on the short list.

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. [A] They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke.

　　[B] They do not realize the danger they are in.

　　[C] They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise.

　　[D] They mistake the firefighters for monsters.

　　27. [A] He travels all over America to help put out fires.

　　[B] He often teaches children what to do during a fire.

　　[C] He teaches Spanish in a San Francisco community.

　　[D] He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge.

　　28. [A] He saved the life of his brother choking on food.

　　[B] He rescued a student from a big fire.

　　[C] He is very good at public speaking.

　　[D] He gives informative talks to young children.

　　29. [A] Firefighters play an important role in America.

　　[B] Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters.

　　[C] Carelessness can result in tragedies.

　　[D] Informative speeches can save lives.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　30. [A] To satisfy the needs of their family.

　　[B] To fully realize their potential.

　　[C] To make money for early retirement.

　　[D] To gain a sense of their personal worth.

　　31. [A] They may have to continue to work in old age.

　　[B] They may regret the time they wasted.

　　[C] They may have nobody to depend on in the future.

　　[D] They may have fewer job opportunities.

　　32. [A] Making wise use of your time.

　　[B] Enjoying yourself while you can.

　　[C] Saving as much as you can.

　　[D] Working hard and playing hard.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　33. [A] Hardworking students being accused of cheating.

　　[B] Boy students being often treated as law-breakers.

　　[C] Innocent people being suspected groundlessly.

　　[D] Junior employees being made to work overtime.

　　34. [A] Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant.

　　[B] Requesting customers to pay before taking the food.

　　[C] Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters.

　　[D] Allowing only two students to enter at a time.

　　35. [A] He was taken to the manager. [C] He was asked to leave.

　　[B] He was closely watched. [D] He was overcharged.

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。

　　Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) _____________ our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) _____________their heritage (傳統(tǒng)). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) _____________, colleges, business, people e-mailing friends and relatives all the time—or talking to them in writing in online (39) _____________ rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) _____________ than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) _____________ to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) _____________ and discuss their classroom assignments and to (43) _____________ them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) __________________________________________________________.

　　Despite the growing importance of computers, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) ____________________________________________________. No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, “I want you to know that I care about you.” (46) ____________________________________________________________________, but only in the success of human relationships.

　　Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49 to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

　　Any research that suggests that 50 to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51 based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52 they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53 to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(養(yǎng)育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

　　注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　[A] abilities [I] extent

　　[B] achieve [J] indicates

　　[C] appeal [K] proceeds

　　[D] complaints [L] psychological

　　[E] contributions [M] raised

　　[F] displayed [N] smart

　　[G] essentially [O] standard

　　[H] eventually

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界) outweigh any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

　　注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　57. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

　　[A] university researchers know little about the commercial world

　　[B] there is little exchange between industry and academia

　　[C] few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　　[D] few university professors are willing to do industrial research

　　58. The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

　　[A] keeps someone from taking action [C] attracts people’s attention

　　[B] helps to move the traffic [D] brings someone a financial burden

　　59. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

　　[A] Flexible work hours. [C] Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

　　[B] Her research interests. [D] Prospects of academic accomplishments.

　　60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

　　[A] do financially more rewarding work

　　[B] raise his status in the academic world

　　[C] enrich his experience in medical research

　　[D] exploit better intellectual opportunities

　　61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

　　[A] Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

　　[B] Develop its students’ potential in research.

　　[C] Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

　　[D] Gear its research towards practical applications.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

　　Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (長(zhǎng)壽) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鰥夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

　　Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

　　So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

　　A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”

　　注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　62. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.

　　[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness

　　[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life

　　[C] women benefit more than men from marriage

　　[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

　　63. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.

　　[A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

　　[B] marriage can help make up for ill health

　　[C] the married are happier than the unmarried

　　[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

　　64. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.

　　[A] the disadvantages of being married

　　[B] the emotional problems arising from marriage

　　[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family

　　[D] the consequence of a broken marriage

　　65. What does the author say about social networks?

　　[A] They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

　　[B] They help develop people’s community spirit.

　　[C] They provide timely support for those in need.

　　[D] They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.

　　66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　[A] It’s important that we develop a social network when young.

　　[B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

　　[C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

　　[D] We should share our social networks with each other.

　　Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

　　Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

　　Over half the world’s people now live in cities. The latest “Global Report on Human Settlements” says a significant change took place last year. The report 67 this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.

　　A century ago, 68 than five percent of all people lived in cities. 69 the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or 70 six and a half billion people.

　　Already three-fourths of people in 71 countries live in cities. Now most urban population 72 is in the developing world.

　　Urbanization can 73 to social and economic progress, but also put 74 on cities to provide housing and 75 . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move 76 cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, 77 by social divisions and differences in 78 , could result in violence and crime 79 cities plan better.

　　Another issue is urban sprawl (無(wú)序擴(kuò)展的城區(qū)). This is where cities 80 quickly into rural areas, sometimes 81 a much faster rate than urban population growth.

　　Sprawl is 82 in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the 83 cities to smaller ones. He sees a 84 toward “de-urbanization” across the nation.

　　85 urban economies still provide many 86 that rural areas do not.

　　67. [A] came on [C] came over

　　[B] came off [D] came out

　　68. [A] more [C] less

　　[B] other [D] rather

　　69. [A] By [C] Along

　　[B] Through [D] To

　　70. [A] really [C] ever

　　[B] barely [D] almost

　　71. [A] flourishing [C] thriving

　　[B] developed [D] fertile

　　72. [A] extension [C] raise

　　[B] addition [D] growth

　　73. [A] keep [C] lead

　　[B] turn [D] refer

　　74. [A] pressure [C] restraint

　　[B] load [D] weight

　　75. [A] surroundings [C] concerns

　　[B] communities [D] services

　　76. [A] onto [C] around

　　[B] into [D] upon

　　77. [A] pulled [C] drawn

　　[B] driven [D] pressed

　　78. [A] situation [C] treasure

　　[B] wealth [D] category

　　79. [A] when [C] unless

　　[B] if [D] whereas

　　80. [A] expand [C] invade

　　[B] split [D] enlarge

　　81. [A] in [C] with

　　[B] beyond [D] at

　　82. [A] common [C] ordinary

　　[B] conventional [D] frequent

　　83. [A] essential [C] primitive

　　[B] prior [D] major

　　84. [A] trend [C] direction

　　[B] style [D] path

　　85. [A] Then [C] For

　　[B] But [D] While

　　86. [A] abilities [C] possibilities

　　[B] qualities [D] realities

　　Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

　　注意： 此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答，只需寫出譯文部分。

　　87. ________________________________________________________(為了確保他參加會(huì)議), I called him up in advance.

　　88. The magnificent museum ________________________________________(據(jù)說(shuō)建成于) about a hundred years ago.

　　89. There would be no life on earth ___________________________________________(沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境).

　　90. ___________________________________(給游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.

　　91. They requested that __________________________________________(我借的書還回圖書館) by next Friday.

　　參考答案

　　Part Ⅰ

　　Writing

　　How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent

　　Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.

　　For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world.

　　The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’ trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.

　　今年的作文主題非常貼近考生的生活，給了考生很大的發(fā)揮空間，擅長(zhǎng)寫日常生活細(xì)節(jié)的學(xué)生可以寫上三五個(gè)句子勾勒父母對(duì)于子女的過(guò)度關(guān)愛，而擅長(zhǎng)邏輯思考的學(xué)生則可以更多地闡述父母怎樣的行為才可以培養(yǎng)子女獨(dú)立的品格，而過(guò)度寵愛正導(dǎo)致了獨(dú)立精神的消失。

　　從具體操作的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱的考生，這次的考試題目是比較容易套用模板的，第一段，把現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況描述清楚;第二段，寫清楚父母親幫助子女獨(dú)立的策略;第三段，呼吁父母親多給自己一些自由。怎樣解決(解決方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn))

　　滬江考前模板專題里面關(guān)于解決問(wèn)題類作文提到了類似的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　In recent days, we have to face a problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.--------(說(shuō)明A的現(xiàn)狀).

　　Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三).

　　Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來(lái)的好處).

　　像這樣子的模板能夠幫助無(wú)話可說(shuō)，或者說(shuō)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力比較弱的同學(xué)迅速找到思路，只需要填入關(guān)鍵的字詞就可以完成作文。

　　但是對(duì)于能夠用流暢的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的思路的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，寫作如果希望取得比較高的分?jǐn)?shù)，則需要注意語(yǔ)言必須盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔才能夠在規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)以內(nèi)說(shuō)清楚自己的論點(diǎn)，而句子的表達(dá)要求，也從有話可說(shuō)，上升到言之有理，甚至上升到語(yǔ)言精致優(yōu)美，內(nèi)在邏輯嚴(yán)密的高度了。

　　在我們給出大家的這篇范文里面，三段文字結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)明優(yōu)美又沒(méi)有落入模板的窠臼，屬于在臨場(chǎng)作文中的優(yōu)秀之作。

　　Part Ⅱ

　　Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　1.A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways.

　　解析：第一段最后一句直接給出關(guān)鍵字profound belief, whether 引導(dǎo)的從句對(duì)應(yīng)答案中的instinctively

　　2.D) Things that are purchased.

　　解析：第二段最后一句，what is best對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的prefer, that is to say作為暗示直接引出之后的things that can be bought,選擇D

　　3.B) More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.

　　解析：題干中有關(guān)瑞典研究，定位到第四段第一句，結(jié)合語(yǔ)義，不難得出B的正確答案

　　4.D) are less likely to be involved in bullying

　　解析：A選項(xiàng)具有干擾性，第三段結(jié)尾給出自然熏陶能夠提高學(xué)生學(xué)科水平的線索，但考慮到快速閱讀題的傳統(tǒng)，即題目順序?qū)��?yīng)文章順序，所以應(yīng)該定位到第四段之后的內(nèi)容，即大段有關(guān)bullying的段落，得出答案D。

　　5.B) Provide more green spaces for them.

　　解析：對(duì)應(yīng)第八段內(nèi)容，作者通過(guò)否定患兒對(duì)藥物的依賴性來(lái)給出自己的建議，結(jié)合全文主旨自然環(huán)境的重要性，得出B答案

　　6.B) They enjoy a life of better quality.

　　解析：第九段第二句點(diǎn)出老齡人口增長(zhǎng)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是在高質(zhì)量的生活水平上，緊接著又指出綠色的生活方式是達(dá)到該種高質(zhì)量生活水平的最重要因素。

　　7.C) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence

　　解析：十一段引文中can reduce violent behavior，直接對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)

　　8.separated

　　解析：題干是有關(guān)人們錯(cuò)誤觀念的問(wèn)題，找到倒數(shù)第三段的關(guān)鍵段error引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，再對(duì)應(yīng)到humanity and the natural world，得出separated(照抄原文separable與can重復(fù)，separable本身詞義即能夠分離的)

　　9.the wild world

　　解析：最后一段第二句直接命中題干，照抄the wild world即可。

　　10. harmony

　　解析：最后幾段內(nèi)容的小標(biāo)題直接給出harmony

　　Part Ⅲ

　　Listening Comprehension

　　Section A

　　短對(duì)話(11~18)

　　答案及解析：

　　11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can’t stand the hot weather.

　　C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.

　　答案：D

　　解析：Woman最后說(shuō)到I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 這表明了她待在這里很愉快，很享受待在華盛頓，故選D。

　　12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company.

　　B) What her job prospects are.

　　C) What the customers’ feedback is.

　　D) The director’s opinion of her work.

　　答案：D

　　解析：Woman說(shuō)到but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 這表明了她希望得到director的意見(即反饋)，故選D。

　　13. A) Combine her training with dieting.

　　B) Repeat the training every three days.

　　C) Avoid excessive physical training.

　　D) Include weightlifting in the program.

　　答案：C

　　解析：Man以自己上次因運(yùn)動(dòng)(舉重)過(guò)量而受傷為例，建議女士應(yīng)該量力而行，避免過(guò)量運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選C。

　　14. A) When she will return home. B) Whether she can go by herself.

　　C) Whether she can travel by air. D) Whether she will completely recover.

　　答案：C

　　解析：Man開頭就說(shuō)到I’m worried about her going on a plane. 從中可知，他擔(dān)心的是年老的母親能不能乘飛機(jī)，故選C。

　　15. A) The woman knows how to deal with the police.

　　B) The woman had been fined many times before.

　　C) The woman had violated traffic regulations.

　　D) The woman is good at finding excuses.

　　答案：C

　　解析：警察開頭問(wèn)到 Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通過(guò)這句話就可以知道女士沒(méi)有遵守交通規(guī)則，故選C。

　　16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a while.

　　B) Have someone repair the refrigerator.

　　C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.

　　D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality.

　　答案：B

　　解析：Man說(shuō)到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到Y(jié)ou’re right.

　　這說(shuō)明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到讓這個(gè)男士來(lái)修，故選B。

　　17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown area.

　　B) He has got enough money to buy a house.

　　C) He can finally do what he has dreamed of.

　　D) He is moving into a bigger apartment.

　　答案：C

　　解析：Man第二句話說(shuō)到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it. 表明他能實(shí)現(xiàn)買地建房的理想了，故選C。

　　18. A) She is black and blue all over.

　　B) She has to go to see a doctor.

　　C) She stayed away from work for a few days.

　　D) She got hurt in an accident yesterday.

　　答案：D

　　解析：Woman說(shuō)的第一句話是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.從中可知這位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受傷了，但是男士認(rèn)為傷勢(shì)并不嚴(yán)重，只建議她休養(yǎng)幾天就可以了，不必去看醫(yī)生。C是較強(qiáng)的干擾項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該是女士現(xiàn)在需要休息而不是過(guò)去已經(jīng)休息了幾天，故選D。

　　對(duì)話精析：

　　第一個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　談?wù)撎鞖鈚he heat is unbearable，強(qiáng)調(diào)有了華盛頓的museums and restaurants，天氣再熱也無(wú)所謂I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.

　　學(xué)會(huì)看看生活中的積極因素，有了博物館和餐館，天氣再熱都熱愛華盛頓，這是何等的樂(lè)天精神啊!

　　第二個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　談?wù)撔鹿ぷ�，I’m learning a lot of new things, but I wish the director would give me some feedback.我學(xué)了很多新東西呢，但是我希望上司能給我點(diǎn)反饋!!!feedback是反饋也是答案的題眼。這位女士想知道什么呢，想知道上司對(duì)她的看法嘛!

　　第三個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　關(guān)于鍛煉身體的，還是關(guān)于制定鍛煉身體的計(jì)劃的!Can you help me work out a physical training program, John?你能幫我制定個(gè)鍛煉的項(xiàng)目嗎?Sure, but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it. 當(dāng)然啦，不過(guò)不管你做什么，得小心點(diǎn)別過(guò)頭啊!接下來(lái)的句子是舉例子Last time I had two weeks’ worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.上次我三天就完成了兩個(gè)星期的舉重的訓(xùn)練，結(jié)果我就受傷了。

　　問(wèn)題是這個(gè)男人要建議這個(gè)女人什么?

　　四六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)一片苦心啊，這里分明在告誡同學(xué)們，平時(shí)鍛煉身體悠著點(diǎn)兒。

　　第四個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　這個(gè)對(duì)話好!弘揚(yáng)愛護(hù)老人的美德的!

　　兒子說(shuō)，我媽媽年紀(jì)大啦，I have an elderly mother 然后表達(dá)他對(duì)媽媽乘飛機(jī)的擔(dān)心 I’m worried about her going on a plane. Is there any risk?有沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)啊?

　　接下來(lái)，醫(yī)生的回答，再次體現(xiàn)四六級(jí)客觀而樂(lè)觀的精神，Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition, I’d recommend against it.她心臟沒(méi)問(wèn)題就沒(méi)事啊，如果她心臟有問(wèn)題的話，那我就不建議她去(乘飛機(jī)啦)

　　第五個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　交通違規(guī)怎么做?!四六級(jí)聽力教你謙恭有禮做回答。首先，第一句的男士質(zhì)問(wèn)，Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?我們第一次示意讓你在交叉口停車，你干嘛不停呢?(潛臺(tái)詞是，瞧，還不是被我給逮回來(lái)訓(xùn)話了么?!在這種情況之下，這位女士態(tài)度是誠(chéng)懇的，Sorry, I was just a bit absent-minded. Anyway, do I have to pay a fine? 對(duì)不起啊，我有點(diǎn)心不在焉。但不管怎么說(shuō)，我需要罰款嗎?

　　人嘛，都是有時(shí)候情緒化的嘛，并且我認(rèn)罰，這句子學(xué)會(huì)了順便大家開車的素質(zhì)都提高了哈!

　　第六個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　家庭瑣事。

　　第一個(gè)人說(shuō)，I’m no expert我不是專家but that noise in your refrigerator doesn’t sound right. Maybe you should have it fixed.但是你冰箱里面的噪音聽起來(lái)不大對(duì)啊，也許你應(yīng)該去修理了吧。 have it fixed這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是考官們發(fā)誓要考生學(xué)會(huì)的have sth done的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　第二個(gè)人開腔了，You’re right.對(duì)話基調(diào)釘牢，我同意你，就是冰箱確實(shí)壞了。And I suppose I’ve put it off long enough.我恐怕我已經(jīng)拖得夠久了，put off,另一個(gè)考官立誓要教會(huì)全中國(guó)考生的內(nèi)容，拖延，put off,核心之核心。

　　問(wèn)題，這女的可能會(huì)怎么做呢?

　　她學(xué)會(huì)了核心單詞聽懂了整個(gè)對(duì)話以后，一定會(huì)去修冰箱!!并且，這里強(qiáng)調(diào) 是找人修冰箱， have it fixed而不是她自己修! she will fix it herself.

　　第七個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　買房問(wèn)題。全國(guó)熱議啊，考試考到的角度那是真叫一個(gè)藝術(shù)!

　　我市區(qū)的公寓賣得不錯(cuò)!I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment.也就是說(shuō)賣了一個(gè)好價(jià)錢啦! Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.現(xiàn)在，我可有錢買一塊我早就看中的地啦，我能建一所房子啦!

　　偷偷感嘆下，這說(shuō)明了城鄉(xiāng)的房?jī)r(jià)是多么滴有茶具啊!不過(guò)考官還是仁慈的，不考那么隱晦的，來(lái)個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的，聽到這句話的人呢說(shuō)Congratulations!Does that mean you’ll be moving soon?

　　恭喜你啊，那這是不是說(shuō)明你很快要搬家了啊?!

　　問(wèn)題問(wèn)我們知道第一個(gè)陳述的那個(gè)男人什么情況?!簡(jiǎn)單，字面意思就夠你用來(lái)解答了，賣公寓了有了錢買地建房子了!

　　第八個(gè)短對(duì)話：

　　還是運(yùn)動(dòng)，不過(guò)這里面涉及了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)西方的固定搭配，black and blue又黑又藍(lán)，這實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是咱中文里面的， 身上摔得又青又紫。

　　第一個(gè)人是在說(shuō)她昨天在冰上摔了一跤，手到現(xiàn)在還疼呢，My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.我想知道我是不是摔壞哪兒了啊

　　(I wonder if這個(gè)句型好，走過(guò)路過(guò)不要錯(cuò)過(guò)，I wonder if I could get married with Sister Phoenix我真想知道我能不能娶鳳姐啊?!)

　　下面這位男士的回答是， I’m no doctor, but it’s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days. 我不是醫(yī)生，但是如果沒(méi)有什么又青又紫也沒(méi)其他問(wèn)題的話，也許你只是需要休息幾天罷了。

　　問(wèn)題，此女發(fā)生了什么問(wèn)題?

　　答案，手摔了，焦慮，問(wèn)了一男的，這男的很冷靜，告訴她沒(méi)啥事。

　　長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(19~25)

　　答案及解析：

　　19. What do we learn about the woman?

　　答案：D) She was a witness to the crime.

　　解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下?lián)尳巽y行的人(describe the man who robbed the bank)。選項(xiàng)中B提到了robbery，但是對(duì)話中沒(méi)有說(shuō)明女士是受害者(victim);D選項(xiàng)提到了她目擊了某個(gè)犯罪經(jīng)過(guò)，robbery顯然是crime的一種。

　　20. What did the suspect look like?

　　答案：A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.

　　解析：原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A。

　　21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do?

　　答案：A) Identify the suspect from pictures.

　　解析：對(duì)話結(jié)尾處，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很顯然，他的目的是讓女士通過(guò)照片來(lái)辨別嫌疑人。因此選擇A。

　　22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy?

　　答案：A) By reading a newspaper ad.

　　解析： job vacancy指空缺的職位。在對(duì)話一開始，女士就說(shuō)到她的目的：I’m calling about the job that was in the paper last night.從這句話中可以看出她得知職位信息的來(lái)源是the paper last night，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)。

　　23. Why did the woman find the job appealing?

　　答案：B) She could work close to her family.

　　解析：本題關(guān)鍵詞是appealing，意為引起興趣的。女士提到她喜歡這份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同義替換詞，因此選擇B選項(xiàng)。

　　24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva?

　　答案：C) Working as a secretary.

　　解析：女士提到她在日內(nèi)瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是選項(xiàng)C中的secretary。雖然她也提到之前在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，但是她取得的學(xué)位是a degree in English，而非選項(xiàng)D中的a degree in French.

　　25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?

　　答案：C) Send in a written application as soon as possible.

　　解析：對(duì)話中女士希望得到面試機(jī)會(huì)，但是男士要求先要遞交書面申請(qǐng)(reply a writing to the advertisement)，并不是所有人都能得到面試機(jī)會(huì)，因此選擇答案C。

　　題材考點(diǎn)分析：

　　長(zhǎng)對(duì)話第二篇圍繞女士求職面試展開，男士問(wèn)了很多關(guān)于女士個(gè)人信息的問(wèn)題，女士做出回答。做題時(shí)需要考生把握住對(duì)話大意、抓住細(xì)節(jié)信息以及兩人的態(tài)度。

　　對(duì)話中的考點(diǎn)主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)、重點(diǎn)一些詞組含義，以及同意詞組替換。對(duì)話中關(guān)鍵信息包括：been working in Geneva, secretarial work, degree in English, be near to the family, applications in writing等�？碱}也正是針對(duì)這些關(guān)鍵信息出的，在聽的時(shí)候考察考生對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)的把握，尤其是敘述相同類型的事情時(shí)，更需要記下其中的區(qū)別，從而在做題時(shí)能夠準(zhǔn)確的選出選項(xiàng)。如對(duì)話中提到女士會(huì)French和English，區(qū)別是會(huì)說(shuō)French，拿到了degree in English.

　　其中有幾題考察同義詞組替換。比如23題中用close替換了near，24題中用secretary替換了secretarial work。選項(xiàng)中頻頻出現(xiàn)同義詞組替換，由此可見考生平時(shí)應(yīng)該注意積累同一個(gè)意思不同的表達(dá)法。

　　另外，從說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣和表達(dá)情緒的詞，也可以聽出說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。比如女士在問(wèn)到能否安排面試時(shí)，男士的回答 “Well, I’m afraid…” 由此看出男士否定了女士的想法。因此在做題中，很容易地排除了安排面試的選項(xiàng)。

　　總體來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇聽力難度中等，關(guān)鍵是要抓住細(xì)節(jié)。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　聽力文章分析：

　　本文難度不大，生詞和難詞不是很多，關(guān)鍵是整體上的及關(guān)鍵句的理解。先是消防隊(duì)員在營(yíng)救火災(zāi)中時(shí)常遇到小孩對(duì)消防隊(duì)員的設(shè)備不熟悉，以為是帶著面具的怪獸(monster)，從而躲起來(lái)，無(wú)法得到及時(shí)營(yíng)救而喪失的現(xiàn)象入手，引出Eric Velez為了防止此類現(xiàn)象再次發(fā)生，在社區(qū)里開始對(duì)孩子消防知識(shí)的教育。再舉例進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明教育性質(zhì)的演講在拯救生命的巨大作用。最后再簡(jiǎn)略地說(shuō)下此類演講的其他作用。

　　做題要點(diǎn)：

　　(1) 抓關(guān)鍵句。一般篇章類聽力，篇幅較長(zhǎng)，聽的時(shí)候一定要學(xué)會(huì)準(zhǔn)確提取有用的信息，如原因目的、結(jié)果、數(shù)字、開頭和結(jié)尾部分等。

　　“because they think they have seen a monster” “To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire.” “But it’s a fact that informative speaking saves lives.” “Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food,” “In addition to saving lives,”

　　這幾句就包括了所有題目的答案，只要抓住這幾句并理解了其意，題目就不難做出。

　　(2) 抓住細(xì)節(jié)，但無(wú)需執(zhí)著于細(xì)節(jié)。

　　本文的題目每題都設(shè)置了很多細(xì)節(jié)干擾項(xiàng)。如果太過(guò)執(zhí)著于細(xì)節(jié)，如frightened by smoke and noise ;Eric Velez learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents 就會(huì)使得做題時(shí)容易被細(xì)節(jié)分心，從而無(wú)法立即準(zhǔn)確地判斷和加以選擇。

　　重點(diǎn)詞匯：

　　fire fighters 消防隊(duì)員 monster怪獸、怪物 heartbreaks 傷心事 catch a glimpse of 瞥見 masked戴面具的 oxygen mask 氧氣面罩 informative 教育性的，有益的

　　答案及解析：

　　26. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，從開始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因?yàn)椴皇煜は�防人員戴面具的形象，孩子們以為來(lái)救援的消防人員是怪獸，所以躲起來(lái)。所以選D。其他選項(xiàng)文中都沒(méi)有涉及到。

　　27. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire.

　　解析：本篇文章大篇幅講的是Eric Velez給社區(qū)里的孩子講解消防知識(shí)，讓他們熟悉消防人員及消防工具的過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)A，put out fire雖然是Eric Velez的工作，但是本文重點(diǎn)不是在其消防員救活這個(gè)工作上，C、D選項(xiàng)很容易就可以排除。所以選B。

　　28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food.

　　解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，從Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food一句便可得出答案，文章中關(guān)于Pete Gentry的主要信息就是他救了噎著食物的弟弟。所以選A。做題時(shí)一定要把人名及其所做的事準(zhǔn)確對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)。

　　29. D) Informative speeches can save lives.

　　解析：主旨題，本文舉了一個(gè)大例子，一下小例子來(lái)證明教育性的演說(shuō)有救人性命的好處。雖然在文章最后也列舉了下其他好處，但是主旨還是拯救生命。所以選D。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都主要講細(xì)節(jié)處，很容易就可以排除。

　　Passage Two

　　聽力文章分析：

　　本篇聽力講述的是截然不同的兩種生活態(tài)度，一種是“make and save a lot of money in order to retire early”，另一種則是“l(fā)ive only for today”，作者在陳述兩種不同態(tài)度之后，針對(duì)兩種態(tài)度給出了自己的看法“it's better to pick the spend-all approach”。本篇聽力不是太難，沒(méi)有較難的詞匯，雖然有幾個(gè)需要注意的句式，如：“At the other extreme are people who live only for today. Why bother saving… ”等，但是通過(guò)上下文也是不難理解的，而且結(jié)構(gòu)也比較清楚，基本上可以分為三部分：兩種不同的態(tài)度和作者的觀點(diǎn)，所考察的三道題也上針對(duì)了這三個(gè)主要的點(diǎn)。由此可見，聽聽力的時(shí)候依然首先要從全文來(lái)把握，把握文章的要點(diǎn)，在把握要點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，有重點(diǎn)的去聽一些細(xì)節(jié)，如與要點(diǎn)相關(guān)的原因和后果，以及作者本人對(duì)這些事情的看法，遇到與此相關(guān)的信號(hào)詞或者關(guān)鍵詞時(shí)就一定要注意重點(diǎn)記憶。

　　答案及解析：

　　30. C) To make money for early retirement.

　　解析：本題考察原因，問(wèn)為什么人們喜歡比較苛求但收入較高的工作，其實(shí)聽力一開始就用in order to 給出了原因，即：retire early，所以選C項(xiàng)。

　　31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age.

　　解析：本題考察后果，問(wèn)只為當(dāng)下而活的人面臨著什么危險(xiǎn)，從“The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.”中可以看出A是正確選項(xiàng)，及在年老時(shí)有可能不得不繼續(xù)工作。

　　32. B) Enjoying yourself while you can.

　　解析：本課考察文章作者的態(tài)度，從 “Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake.”中可以看出，作者認(rèn)為想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜歡的人在一起可能是一種錯(cuò)誤，所以選B，即趁著自己還可以的時(shí)候要懂得享受生活。

　　Passage Three

　　聽力文章分析：

　　此篇短文聽力難度適中。敘述者，即文中的speaker，通過(guò)記敘自己的境遇表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。三個(gè)自然段分別對(duì)應(yīng)文章后的三道題，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰明了，題目答案導(dǎo)向明確。

　　第一段通過(guò)開篇點(diǎn)題引出本文話題，“以偏概全”著實(shí)有失公平;

　　第二段記敘一個(gè)發(fā)生在Graben Gore 飯店的故事，關(guān)鍵句：A new sign in the window told the story. “No more than two students at a time”;

　　第三段同樣是記敘一個(gè)發(fā)生在藥店的故事，故事情節(jié)較為簡(jiǎn)單。

　　此三題聽時(shí)關(guān)鍵在于抓關(guān)鍵句子，個(gè)別人名等不需做過(guò)多關(guān)注。

　　答案及解析：

　　33.C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。

　　文章第一段中，由”How fair will that be”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一個(gè)鄰居犯了法，所有的鄰居們都成了懷疑對(duì)象”。后一句即“因?yàn)橛行�學(xué)生小偷小摸，所有的學(xué)生就都被當(dāng)成小偷來(lái)看待……”，二者表明一個(gè)意思，即“無(wú)辜者被毫無(wú)理由的懷疑屬實(shí)不公平”。

　　34.D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time。

　　第一個(gè)小故事中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵句后面緊跟答案。該關(guān)鍵句為，”A new sign in the window told the story.”

　　而這個(gè)sign的內(nèi)容就是緊隨其后的“No more than two students at a time”.

　　35.B) He was closely watched.

　　此題需要自己稍作總結(jié)，最后一個(gè)小故事說(shuō)到文中的“我”去藥店，卻一直被盯著;此事讓“我”很是不滿。

　　Section C

　　36. preserve

　　37. appreciate

　　38. households

　　39. chat

　　40. convenient

　　41. rates

　　42. receive

　　43. submit

　　44. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.

　　45. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.

　　46. This writing practice brings rewards that can’t be seen in bank accounts

　　Part Ⅳ

　　Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　47. M) raised

　　48. L) psychological

　　49. E) contributions

　　50. A) abilities

　　51. B) achieve

　　52. N) smart

　　53. I) extent

　　54. J) indicates

　　55. G) essentially

　　56. H) eventually

　　47. raise在這里的意思是“養(yǎng)育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境”。

　　48. "psychological activity"意思是“心理活動(dòng)”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部環(huán)境如何相互作用影響人心理活動(dòng)的學(xué)科被稱為行為遺傳學(xué)”。

　　49. “make contributions to”為固定搭配，意為“為……做貢獻(xiàn)”。

　　50. “ability to …”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此處，全句意思是“任何一篇宣稱人類做出某種行為的能力是基于生物學(xué)的研究都是有爭(zhēng)議的”。

　　51. "limitations to what you can achieve"意思是“對(duì)你所能達(dá)到的水平的限制”。

　　52. 此處需填一個(gè)形容詞，而且用來(lái)形容人，根據(jù)題意，smart符合題意，表示“機(jī)靈，可愛”。

　　53. 此處填extent，主要是因?yàn)楹竺嬗衪o，“to the extent …”譯為“……的程度”。

　　54. indicate 意思是“表明，顯示”。全句意為“越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)(現(xiàn)象)表明基因?qū)θ祟惡芏嗵卣饔谢�礎(chǔ)作用”。

　　55. essentially 的意思是“實(shí)際上，本質(zhì)上”。全句意為“從這個(gè)角度來(lái)講，人一出生，本質(zhì)上就像是還沒(méi)洗出來(lái)的照片：相已經(jīng)照了，但是最終會(huì)呈現(xiàn)多少就在于顯影的過(guò)程了”。

　　56. eventually 副詞，意思是“最終，最后”。

　　Section B來(lái)源：www.examda.com

　　Passage One

　　57. C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　　推理題�！皁ne-way street” 字面意思是“單行道”，含有只能從一個(gè)方向前進(jìn)卻很難往相反方向前進(jìn)的意思，用了比喻用法。文章第二句就解釋說(shuō)明了這個(gè)“one-way street”在文中的含義。大學(xué)里的學(xué)者去商界創(chuàng)業(yè)的現(xiàn)象不算稀奇，但是反過(guò)來(lái)就不怎么常見。所以選擇C選項(xiàng)。

　　58. A) keeps someone from taking action

　　推理題。“deterrent”有妨礙物的意思。在文中需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)理解。單詞前的意思是“薪水永遠(yuǎn)是最大的…因?yàn)楹芏嗳擞X得到大學(xué)里工作就會(huì)減少工資，從而無(wú)法養(yǎng)家糊口�！睆暮竺姘刖�，我們可以推斷出deterrent的意思，所以選A選項(xiàng)。

　　59. B) Her research interests.

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。答案在Para3Line3可以找到�！癏er main reason for… to take advantage of the great freedom to choose research questions.”表明Helen Lee換行主要考慮到的是自己可以比較自由地選擇研究領(lǐng)域，即個(gè)人的研究興趣。所以選擇B選項(xiàng)。

　　60. D) exploit better intellectual opportunities

　　細(xì)節(jié)題。本題比較簡(jiǎn)單，在Para3最后一句“felt it worthwhile for the great intellectual opportunities”就可以找到答案。

　　61. A) Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in job market.

　　推理題。本著一題對(duì)應(yīng)一段的一般原則，我們應(yīng)該在最后一段里找答案�！皌he demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry in…“that will help students get a job when they graduate”段落主要是在講industrial scientists到大學(xué)教學(xué)后的主要貢獻(xiàn)。所以選擇A項(xiàng)。

　　Passage Two

　　62. D) marriage contributes to a great deal of longevity

　　解析：第一段提到“but the biggest longevity boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship.”緊接著就說(shuō)到“The effect was first noted in 1958 by William Farr,…”。句中的boost和選項(xiàng)D中的contribute有相近的意思，故選擇D。

　　63. B) marriage can help make up for ill heath

　　解析：Linda Waite舉例子說(shuō)到一個(gè)有心臟病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以彌補(bǔ)身體不健康帶來(lái)的不利因素，故選B。

　　64. A) the disadvantages of being married

　　解析：flip side的愿意是唱片的另一面，在這里前面已經(jīng)分析過(guò)婚姻的好處，這里指的就是婚姻的反面，故選A。

　　65. A) They have effects similar to those a marriage.

　　解析：第二段最后一句…h(huán)ow all kinds of social networks have similar effects. 故選擇A。

　　66. B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

　　解析：最后一段提到如果想生活的更長(zhǎng)久到100歲，就要發(fā)展自己的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)，故選B。

　　Part Ⅴ

　　Cloze

　　答案：

　　67. D came out

　　68. C less

　　69. D by

　　70. A almost

　　71. B developed

　　72. C growth

　　73. B lead

　　74. A pressure

　　75. B services

　　76. B into來(lái)源：考試大的美女編輯們

　　77. C driven

　　78. C wealth

　　79. C unless

　　80. D expand

　　81. C at

　　82. C common

　　83. A major

　　84. D trend

　　85. C but

　　86. B possibilities

　　解析：

　　67. D came out 表示出版，公布，這里表示報(bào)告的公布。

　　68. C less 根據(jù)上下文可知這里說(shuō)的是都市人口的增長(zhǎng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)之前的少和現(xiàn)在的多，所以用少于更合適。less than：少于，不到。

　　69. D by 在這里表示截止到某時(shí)間為止。

　　70. A almost 幾乎，將近，對(duì)前面的解釋，說(shuō)明人口有多少。

　　71. B developed 根據(jù)上下文意思，以及后文相對(duì)的developing world可知應(yīng)該是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，即：developed countries。

　　72. C growth 仔細(xì)閱讀的話可以發(fā)現(xiàn)下文就有答案，這里講的是都市人口的增長(zhǎng)，所以用growth。

　　73. B lead lead to表示導(dǎo)致，通向，本段末也有出現(xiàn)過(guò)，在這里是說(shuō)都市化有助于社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步。

　　74. A pressure 從下文的描述可以看出過(guò)快的都市化也給城市帶來(lái)了巨大壓力，所以選pressure。

　　75. B services 服務(wù)，城市為人們提供住房和服務(wù)。

　　76. B into 介詞選擇，move into 移入，遷入;固定搭配。

　　77. C driven 表示推動(dòng)，驅(qū)動(dòng)，driven by 由…驅(qū)動(dòng)，由什么原因引起的。

　　78. C wealth 財(cái)富;social division and differences in wealth 社會(huì)分化和財(cái)富上的差距。

　　79. C unless 除非，這里說(shuō)的是除非城市規(guī)劃更好，否則各部分財(cái)富分配不均的局面將可能導(dǎo)致犯罪問(wèn)題。

　　80. D expand 指擴(kuò)張， expand into rural areas 擴(kuò)張到農(nóng)村地區(qū)。

　　81. C at at a much faster rate 以更快的速度，固定搭配

　　82. C common 表示某事件很普遍，平常。從下文的across America可知這種情況很普遍很常見。

　　83. A major major cities，大城市，與后文中的smaller cities形成對(duì)比

　　84. D trend 趨勢(shì)，這里是對(duì)前面情況的概括，a trend toward de-urbanization 表示一種逆城市化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

　　85. C but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)城市還是有自身優(yōu)點(diǎn)的，與前面的“逆城市化”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

　　86. B possibilities 可能性，這里表示城市依然能夠提供農(nóng)村所不能提供的機(jī)會(huì)和可能性。

　　整篇解析：

　　這篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOA Special English節(jié)目，談?wù)摰氖浅鞘邪l(fā)展的問(wèn)題。從抓主旨的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣一篇小小200詞的文章，縱覽了世界城市發(fā)展史，又橫覽了城市化帶來(lái)的種種問(wèn)題，里面的核心論點(diǎn)之間邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)緊密，考生如果沒(méi)有任何背景知識(shí)和推理能力，解題會(huì)遇到一定的困難。比如說(shuō)第二個(gè)空格，很多考生在more 和less之中猶豫不決，在沒(méi)有具體背景信息的情況之下，就需要依據(jù)上下文的文脈進(jìn)行推理。既然強(qiáng)調(diào)的是城市化的迅速發(fā)展，從5%到幾乎70%，這個(gè)5%前面究竟填入超過(guò)還是不到。從作者的敘述語(yǔ)氣一致可以推知，他必定在感嘆這個(gè)變化的巨大，因此前文應(yīng)該是不到5%。對(duì)于into/at這樣一些介詞小詞的考查歷來(lái)都是完型填空的重點(diǎn)，move into cities/ at a faster rate，這都是比較容易選擇的基礎(chǔ)搭配。

　　Part Ⅵ

　　Translation

　　87.___________________(為了確保他參加會(huì)議)，I called him up in advance.

　　解析：In order to ensure him to attend the meeting

　　To ensure his attendance at the meeting

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本題句子的主干 “I called him up in advance”已經(jīng)給出，無(wú)需翻譯，需要翻譯部分為“為了確保他能參加會(huì)議”。該部分在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ)

　　【考點(diǎn)解釋】本題考查是目的狀語(yǔ)。①目的狀語(yǔ)可以由to/in order to來(lái)引導(dǎo)。②確保 ensure sb to do 確保某人做某事，ensure sth 確保某事

　　【原句精釋】為了確保他參加會(huì)議，我已經(jīng)提前給他電話了。

　　88.The significant museum________________(據(jù)說(shuō)建成于)about a hundred years ago.

　　解析：is said to have been built

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本題句子的主語(yǔ)為the significant museum，缺謂語(yǔ)，即(據(jù)說(shuō)建成于)

　　about a hundred years ago為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　【考點(diǎn)解釋】本題重點(diǎn)考查：①被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)museum與動(dòng)詞build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系; 且bulid這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。②據(jù)說(shuō) be said to;be said to+ 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。

　　【原句精釋】據(jù)說(shuō)這座意義深遠(yuǎn)的博物館大約建成于一百年前。

　　89.There would be no life on earth ____________________ (沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境)。

　　解析: without its unique environment

　　but for its unique environment

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本題句子含有There be結(jié)構(gòu)。主干完整，there主語(yǔ)，would be 謂語(yǔ)，no life 表語(yǔ)，on earth 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

　　【考點(diǎn)解釋】本題重點(diǎn)考查：①without的用法 without 是介詞，后接名詞;同時(shí)，表示“沒(méi)有”，除without外，還可用but for;②單詞拼寫 unique adj.獨(dú)特;environment n.環(huán)境 ③當(dāng)名詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，可適當(dāng)使用代詞，避免重復(fù)。

　　【原句精釋】沒(méi)有地球獨(dú)特的環(huán)境，地球上就不會(huì)有生命。

　　90.______________________________(給游客印象最深的)was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.

　　解析：What impressed the tourists most

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本題句子為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)即考查部分，was 系動(dòng)詞，剩余部分為表語(yǔ)。

　　【考點(diǎn)解釋】本題重點(diǎn)考查①what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句;what可引導(dǎo)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ);②impress用法 給…留下印象 impress sb;③最高級(jí)的用法most;結(jié)合考點(diǎn)②③，可推出“給…印象最深”為impress sb most

　　【原句精釋】當(dāng)?shù)厝说挠焉婆c熱情給游客們留下了最深的印象。

　　91.They requested that ___________________________ (我借的書還回圖書館) by next Friday.

　　解析：books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library

　　I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本題句子的主干部分分別是they 主語(yǔ)，request 謂語(yǔ)，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　【考點(diǎn)解釋】①request的用法。request v. 要求;當(dāng)request表示“要求”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。②定語(yǔ)從句�！拔医璧臅�”， the book (that) I borrowed;③單詞的拼寫。歸還 return，借 borrow，圖書館 library ④本題就此題提供了兩個(gè)版本的答案，但在表示“規(guī)定，規(guī)則”時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更為常用。

　　【原句精釋】他們要求我在下周五之前把借的書還回圖書館。